Family-Supported Telemedicine for Blood Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Literature Review: Family-Supported Telemedicine for Diabetes

Aprilio Prayogo; Silviya Damayanti; Rafael Rahmat Pandu Anata; Arinda Devi Septiarani; Nayyara Aulia Rahma; Dhimas Rizky Handoko

Authors

Aprilio Prayogo Universitas Jember Author
Silviya Damayanti Universitas Jember Author
Rafael Rahmat Pandu Anata Universitas Jember Author
Arinda Devi Septiarani Universitas Jember Author
Nayyara Aulia Rahma Universitas Jember Author
Dhimas Rizky Handoko Universitas Jember Author

Keywords:

blood glucose monitoring, digital health, family support, telemedicine, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition requiring continuous self-management and regular blood glucose monitoring. Family support and telemedicine may help overcome barriers to healthcare access and strengthen patients’ ability to manage their condition.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. Literature was searched in Scopus, ScienceDirect, SINTA, and Google Scholar using combinations of keywords related to telemedicine, type 2 diabetes mellitus, family support, caregivers, telehealth, and digital health between 2021 and 2026.

Results: The search identified 21,450 records, and 15 studies met the eligibility criteria. Telemedicine interventions consistently improved self-management, treatment adherence, and remote glucose monitoring. Improvements in HbA1c and fasting blood glucose were reported in several studies, whereas others found no significant differences, indicating variable glycemic outcomes. Family involvement contributed to better treatment adherence, technology utilization, patient engagement, and sustained diabetes self-management, while digital literacy, technology access, intervention duration, and professional support also influenced intervention effectiveness.

Conclusion: Family-supported telemedicine has substantial potential to strengthen T2DM self-management and continuous glucose monitoring. Its clinical effectiveness is likely to be enhanced when digital interventions are integrated with family involvement, patient education, and professional healthcare support.

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